• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In a nuclear power plant with a security confinement to enclose activity carriers and with an outlet serving as overpressure protection which is routed out of the confinement via a filter into the atmosphere, the filter comprising a Venturi washer in a container containing a wash liquid, a fibrous filter and an upstream drop trap and the container having a gas outlet at the top which is routed into a chimney, the outlet (33) of the Venturi washer (13) is above the level (14) of the wash liquid, a baffle (34) being provided at that point to trap drops, and the fibrous filter upstream of the gas outlet (20) is a metal fibre filter (16) which contains at least two layers having a thickness of 10 to 20 mm, of which the first is a moisture trap with a fibre thickness of 8 to 20 mu m and the second is an aerosol trap with a fibre thickness to 2 to 7 mu m. This results in an excellent activity retention within wide limits, regardless of throughput. …<IMAGE>…
    公开号:SU1718740A3
    申请号:SU894613832
    申请日:1989-04-14
    公开日:1992-03-07
    发明作者:Экардт Бернд
    申请人:Сименс Аг (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, and more specifically to the field of cleaning gas-vapor mixtures that form with the protective shells of nuclear power plants.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the cleaning efficiency of gas-vapor mixtures while increasing the efficiency of the cleaning process.
    1 shows a device connected to the protective shell of a nuclear power plant and the exhaust system of the purified gas-vapor mixture, a general view; 2 is a variant of the device in which the pipes on which the Venturi devices are attached are parallel to each other, a section; on fig.Z section aa in figure 2; Fig. 4 is a variant of the device / in which the pipes on which the Venturi devices are attached are inclined towards each other, a section; in fig. section bb in figure 4; figure 6 - the layout of the washing device Venturi in the form of flat devices Venturi; figure 7 - layout of the cleaning device of the Venturi in the form of a circular apparatus of the Venturi; on Fig - Venturi nozzle with two zones of the inlet with a load of half to polnry; Fig. 9 shows a Venturi nozzle with two zones of admission with partial load less than 20% of the full one.
    The depicted (Fig. 1) protective sheath 1 of a boiling reactor not shown is made in the form of a steel ball. In its wall
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    It is provided for the introduction of pipeline 2, from which the drainage pipeline 3 comes out. In the hallway of the drainage pipeline 3, two identical shut-off valves 4 and 5 are installed, driven by engines, between which a test connection 6 is provided for leak testing. The internal diameter of the drain pipe 3 is 250 mm. Through connection 7, nitrogen can be supplied, for example for inertization.
    The drain pipe 3 with two branches 8 and 9 approaches opposite sides of the lying high-pressure tank 10, in which the Venturi washing devices 11 are installed, which protrude above the level 12 of the washing solution 13. A metal fiber filter 14 is located above the washing device 11. which include droplet separators 15. From them exhaust pipes 16 and 17 lead to an exhaust line 18. which leads to pipe 19 for the removal of gases.
    The outlet line 18 starts with a check valve 20, behind which a pressure gauge is connected. The connection of the throttles 21 ensures the operation of the 18 parts of the drainage device that precedes the outlet line, primarily the Venturi washing device 1.1 and the metal fiber filters 14, at a variable pressure, so that the maximum flow rate is constantly reached. In parallel with the throttle 21, a shut-off valve 22 is installed. Behind the valve. A rupture disc 23 is installed, fitted to an internal diameter of 250 mm of the exhaust pipe 18.
    Figures 2 and 3 depict one of the variants of the design of the high-pressure tank 10 with the Venturi washing device 11, in which the starting cartridge can be preheated using the heating cartridge 24. It can be seen that the branches 8 and 9 of the drainage pipeline 3 lead to two straight, parallel horizontal sections of pipes 25 and 26, on which two flange-mounted Venturi devices 11 deflecting from each other are attached with the help of flange 27 horizontal sections of pipes 25 and 26. The outlet 28 of the washing device 11 of the venturi protrudes above the level 12 of the cleaning solution 13 to the baffle plate 29 serving as a droplet separator. Directly below the level 12 of the washing solution 13, which is located slightly higher than half the height of the high pressure tank 10 and, therefore, occupies the largest possible horizontal area, there is a perforated sheet 30, which serves to level the flow conditions.
    From figure 2 and 3 it is seen that the filters 14 of
    metal fibers and droplet separators 15 are made in the form of three filters 31-33 located along the high-pressure tank 10, each of which consists of two parallel bands a and b. Stripes
    vertically supported against each other for the fastest removal of loads arising from the flow. They flow around in the direction indicated by arrows 34. Frames 35 of parallel strips a, b filter 31-33 cover 3- metal-fiber layers 5-20 mm thick. The thickness of the fibers is different. It is in the inner layer from 2 to 7 / g, preferably 4 /, while the outer layers have
    fiber thickness from 8 to 2QM, mostly from 12 to 15 / g. The frames 35 of the parallel strips a, b of filters 31-33 are connected on top by protective covers. Limited interior space leads to collections of 36
    at the ends of the filter rows, to which the exhaust pipes 16 and 17 are connected. From the bottom side 37 of the filters 31-33, the liquid 38 discharging pipe 38 leads through the perforated sheet 30 to the bottom
    volume of washing solution.
    In the embodiment of the washing device 11 of Venturi shown in Figures 4 and 5, the lengths of the pipes 25 and 26 are inclined relative to the horizontal by an angle of 39, which is 5-15 °.
    Perpendicular to the lengths of the tubes 25, 26. Flanges of the nozzles of the Venturi cleaning device 11 are flanged so that their inlets 40 are at different heights below the level 12 of the washing solution 13.
    The venturi nozzles are arranged in elevation in such a way that their ends at the same height approach the common breaker plate 29, which runs straight in the horizontal direction, as
    shown in figure 4. The filters of metal fibers 14 are made in pairs in four parts 41-44, in accordance with the invention consist of different thickness of the fibers of the layers and are installed on the plate 45, which separates the collection 36 from the bottom.
    Fig. 6 shows, on an enlarged scale, a detail 11 of a washing device 11 of a venturi of a flat design, which rises vertically upwards from the section
    pipes 25. As can be seen, the lengths of the Venturi tubes of the part 11 in the direction of the pipe section 25 are different. The lengths may, for example, be 1: 1.5: 2: 3: 6. This includes two inlets 40 and 40,
    located above each other. The distance A between the inlets 40, 40 is equal to five times the width of the neck.
    The vertical venturi nozzles, which are at equal distances from each other, also have two inlet openings 40 and 40, which are shown at an upward angle to the length of the pipe 25 upwards, also have two inlets 40 and 40. The distance between the inlets 40 and - 40 A is three times the width of the neckline B.
    Figures 8 and 9 depict the principle of operation of both inlets 40, 40 at different loads of nozzles. At the same time, Fig. 8 depicts work in the range between, caught and full load. Here, the washing solution is evenly sucked through the inlet devices, as indicated by arrows 46 and 47. With even less load, for example, with a load equal to 20% of the maximum, a loop effect occurs when the washing solution 13 enters only in the area of the outlet 40, as shown arrow 46. The above-located zone of the outlet 40 already has a slight overpressure greater than the difference in the pressure of the liquid. Therefore, in the zone of the outlet 40, the liquid and vapor exit in the direction indicated by the arrow 48.
    The device works as follows.
    At the expense of the overpressure, which serves as the working pressure, the output stream of the vapor gas mixture being cleaned is introduced into the washing apparatus from under the protective shell of the nuclear power plant. The output stream, the passage at high speed through the cleaning solution, feeds them a cleaning system. It is desirable to use speeds of at least 50 m / s, at which very effective aerosol retention occurs. With a low flow rate at speeds less than 50 m / s, the efficiency of aerosol separation decreases to 90-95%. The vapor-gas stream with trapped droplets and residues of aerosols is dried and purified in a fine-fiber filter.
    The combination of the washing device - the fiber filter acts in such a way that the decrease in cleaning efficiency of the washing device, especially at low gas flow rates, is fully compensated by the fact that the time for passing the vapor-gas flow through the fiber filter increases and the filtration efficiency is increased. Deactivation rate reaches 100 or more. Thus, a constant, high degree of purification from aerosols is achieved without additional power control. In order to improve iodine purification in the used flat or round Venturi apparatus, the second stage of feeding with a washing solution is provided at a distance equal to or more than twice the width of the neck. In this zone, the throat width is increased by 5-20%. Using this second stage in the Venturi apparatus, the capture ratio of the washing solution is doubled and, at the same time, the mass transfer surface for the sorption of iodine doubles, respectively, which is especially important when the gas flow time through the Venturi apparatus is short. Therefore, the proposed design is advantageous in that it does not depend on the liquid level.
    To prolong the ability of the solution to retain iodine, alkalis and reducing agents are introduced into it.
    With a minimum load (e.g., 20% of the rated capacity), in the second stage, additional circulation of the solution occurs due to dropping of droplets. Due to such work, it becomes possible to compensate for the limited release of the cleaning solution to the end of the Venturi apparatus by circulation (exchange of the solution in the apparatus itself).
    Free purging is also advantageous in that the level of the solution does not occur by gas flow. After the Venturi apparatus, separators are included to separate the solution. Metal fiber filters are made in the form of thin flat filters or candles with decreasing diameter from 2 to 20 / g. The metal fibers are secured by crimping or metal casting into the frames.
    To finely separate droplets ejected by the vapor – gas flow, gravitational droplet separator elements are installed directly at the filter or at the end of the space between the filters. The separated liquid further provides continuous flushing of aerosols from the filters into the cleaning solution. At the same time, in order to avoid excessive condensation at the beginning of work, the washing solution is heated.
    Due to the low height of the venturi installation, it can be placed in the recumbent position in terms of the effect of internal pressure in a cylindrical tank. It is necessary that with the start of work, after the solution is heated, the incoming condensing steam in the region of half the height (approximately at the upper edge of the apparatus) remains free as large as possible so that there is only a small rise of the level
    fluid. The lowering of the fluid level is possible to a level located slightly above the slot of the Venturi apparatus so that the level control becomes necessary only after more than 24 hours of operation of the device. Placing the Venturi apparatus at several different levels additionally improves the nature of the partial load on the apparatus. Flat fiber filters made of metal fiber are placed mostly in pairs, and they lean against each other, so that the loads from continuously acting or suddenly occurring flow forces cancel each other out. The placement of the candlesticks is done predominantly horizontally with a direct sequential droplet separator.
    The Venturi device and the filters are put into operation by opening the stop valves on the containment shell or the safety membrane.
    For protective tanks of especially low pressure, the combination of such washing devices with the required working pressure of 0.3 bar and optimal with the loss of the working pressure of the pipelines and fittings makes it possible to reduce the pressure.
    With the help of a damper placed in the pipe, it is possible to create an overpressure in the washing device, which makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of this device.
    . In the construction according to the invention, the output of the vapor-gas mixture during the discharge of excess pressure from the protective shells of nuclear power plants, using a freely blown Venturi washing device with a passive drive and included multilayered elements made of metal fibers , with moisture separation, it is cleaned of aerosols with an efficiency of at least 99% and of elemental iodine with an efficiency of at least 99% with a more compact design of the cleaning mouth oystva.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    1.Device for cleaning vapor-gas mixtures streams, which are formed during the discharge of overpressure from the protective shells of nuclear power plants, including a high-pressure tank with detergent solution, Venturi washing devices located inside the high-pressure tank in the washing solution volume, droplet separators and fiber filters, characterized by the fact that, in order to increase the efficiency of cleaning gas-vapor mixtures while improving the efficiency of cleaning, the outlet openings of the Venturi cleaning devices are located wives are above the level of the washing solution in the zone of the highest horizontal section of the high-pressure tank, with fenders for droplet separation installed above the outlet openings of the Venturi washing devices, and filters made of metal fibers, each of which consists of three layers, are located above the surface of the washing solution in the outer layers of each filter is from 8 to 20 /
    in the inner layer, from 2 to, and the thickness of each filter layer is 10-20 mm.
    [2]
    2. The device according to claim 1, in which there are two differently inclined relative to the horizontal pipes in which the high-pressure reservoir with the washing solution is placed, on which the Venturi washing devices having different length and ending in the same horizontal plane.
    [3]
    3. The device according to paragraphs. 1-2, characterized in that the Venturi washing devices in the volume of the washing solution have two entrance zones located at a distance from one another, in the direction of movement of the steam-gas mixture, and the distance between the zones is not less than twice the width of the throat - the Venturi washing device.
    [4]
    4. The device according to claim 1, that is, so that the filters of metal fibers are combined with each other in pairs.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP0338324B1|1993-10-20|
    DE58905933D1|1993-11-25|
    ES2046361T3|1994-02-01|
    US5017331A|1991-05-21|
    EP0338324A2|1989-10-25|
    JPH0213897A|1990-01-18|
    JP2868531B2|1999-03-10|
    EP0338324A3|1990-05-02|
    UA7037A1|1995-03-31|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE1176099B|1960-12-22|1964-08-20|Baumco Appbau Ges M B H|Venturi tube for scrubbing gases|
    DE1471624A1|1964-05-19|1969-04-10|Keller Fa Otto|Venturi gas washer|
    JPS5817339B2|1978-05-12|1983-04-06|Nissan Motor|
    SE500478C2|1986-09-17|1994-07-04|Flaekt Ab|Gas purification method and apparatus|
    DE3637795A1|1986-11-06|1988-05-11|Siemens Ag|NUCLEAR POWER PLANT WITH A SAFETY SHELL|
    DE3729501A1|1987-03-23|1988-10-06|Siemens Ag|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RELEASING PRESSURE FROM A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT|
    US4859405A|1987-11-10|1989-08-22|Westinghouse Electric Corp.|Filtered venting and decay heat removing apparatus and system for containment structures, and method of operation|
    US4927596A|1988-08-12|1990-05-22|Electric Power Research Institute, Inc.|Self-actuating pressure relief device and method for nuclear containment|DE59105324D1|1991-02-07|1995-06-01|Siemens Ag|Process and system for relieving the pressure of the safety cover of a nuclear power plant.|
    DE4126894A1|1991-08-14|1993-02-18|Siemens Ag|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OBTAINING SAMPLES FROM THE ATMOSPHERIC CONTAINER CONTAINED IN A GAS-TIGHT, IN PARTICULAR FROM THE REACTOR SAFETY CONTAINER OF A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT|
    DE4207898A1|1992-03-12|1993-09-16|Huels Chemische Werke Ag|MOLD FOR PRODUCING LATEX FOAM|
    DE4221692A1|1992-07-02|1994-01-05|Siemens Ag|Method and device for determining a mixture proportion of a gas mixture|
    DE19532366C1|1995-09-01|1996-12-05|Siemens Ag|Plant inerting and venting containment atmosphere of nuclear reactor|
    US5706320A|1996-01-16|1998-01-06|General Electric Company|Containment pressure suppression system for liquid metal cooled reactors|
    DE19704608C1|1997-02-07|1998-06-10|Siemens Ag|Convection-driven hydrogen recombination chimney within nuclear power plant containment|
    DE19743333C2|1997-09-30|2002-02-28|Framatome Anp Gmbh|Blow-off device and method for blowing off steam|
    DE10328774B3|2003-06-25|2005-01-13|Framatome Anp Gmbh|Nuclear plant with pressure relief|
    DE10328773B3|2003-06-25|2005-02-17|Framatome Anp Gmbh|Nuclear facility|
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    法律状态:
    2010-07-20| REG| Reference to a code of a succession state|Ref country code: RU Ref legal event code: MM4A Effective date: 20080415 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE3812893|1988-04-18|
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